1. 동사의 분류
1. 동사
1) 자동사(목적어X)
1. 완전자동사(보어x) => 1형식
2. 불완전자동사(보어O) => 2형식
2) 타동사(목적어O)
1. 완전타동사(목적어1개) => 3형식
2. 수여동사(목적어2개) => 4형식
3. 불완전타동사(목적어&보어) => 5형식
2. 문장의 형식과 동사의 종류
1형식(자동사) : S+V ex) She goes (to school).
2형식(자동사) : S+V+SC ex) She is beautiful.
3형식(타동사) : S+V+O ex) She loves a teacher.
4형식(타동사) : S+V+IO+DO ex) She gives you a book.
5형식(타동사) : S+V+O+OC ex) I call you Lee.
* 명사 + ly = 형용사
* 형용사 + ly = 부사
3. 동사의 종류
1) 2형식 : S+V+SC(n,a)
1. 오감동사 + a : look, smell, taste, sound, feel
ex) You look (sadly, sad).
2. 상태동사 : stay, stand, lie, remain, keep, continue
ex) You stay (calmly, calm).
3. 판단동사 : appear, seem, prove, turn out(판명되다)
ex) It proves (falsely, false).
4. become동사류 + a(되다) : become, get, go, come, run, fall, make(되다)
ex) I go (crazily, crazy).
2) 4형식 : S+V+IO+DO
1. give동사류(to) : give, owe, offer, send
ex) I give you a book. -> I give a book to you.
2. buy동사류(for) : make, choose, buy
ex) I buy you a book. -> I buy a book for you.
3. ask동사류(of) : ask, beg, inquire, require
ex) I ask you a question. -> I ask a question of you.
* 4형식으로 착각하기 쉬운 3형식 동사
introduce, announce, explain, describe, suggest, confess, propose
ex) I explain you the problem
-> I explain (to you) the problem
사람목적어 앞에 to를 써서 부사구로 만들어준다
(to IO) DO -> 3형식 / 전치사 + 명사 = 부사구
3) 5형식 : S+V+O+OC
1. 지각동사
- see, watch, look at, notice, observe + O + OC
- hear, listen to, smell, feel, perceive + O + OC
ex) I saw him kill his wife. / I saw him killed by his wife
2. 사역동사
- make, let, bid, help + O + OC (동사원형)
ex) I make him clean the room. [to clean, cleans(X)]
- have, + O + OC (동사원형, 과거분사)
ex) I have him clean the room. / I have the room cleaned by him.
- get + O+ OC (to-R, 과거분사)
ex) I get him to clean the room. / I get the room cleaned by him.
3. 인식류 동사
- think, imagine, guess, believe, suppose, know, consider + O + OC (to be 명사)
ex) We believe him to be a teacher. / We consider him a teacher.
4. 기타 동사 : tell, ask, urge, oblige + O + OC
ex) Law oblige parents to send their children (to school).
